It’s hard to know exactly who has been brought on solely for a penalty shootout.
But if we look only at players introduced in the final five minutes of injury time, there have been just five cases (three in 2022) — and only two of those players scored.
Paulo Dybala came on in injury time at the end of the 2022 final and converted in Argentina’s shootout win over France.
In Morocco’s last-16 victory against Spain, both teams made late changes — Badr Benoun and Pablo Sarabia — and both missed their penalties.
England’s Jamie Carragher entered with two minutes remaining against Portugal in the 2006 quarter-final; he scored initially but had to retake as the whistle hadn’t blown, and Ricardo saved the second attempt.
The other successful example dates to 1986, when West Germany’s late substitute Pierre Littbarski scored in a quarter-final win over Mexico.
Only one goalkeeper has been introduced late in a World Cup match with penalties in mind.
The Netherlands’ Tim Krul came on in the 121st minute against Costa Rica in the 2014 quarter-finals and saved two penalties in the shootout.
He was an unused substitute in the next round — which also went to penalties — and the Dutch went out with Jasper Cillessen not saving any kicks.